Audition versions 24.4.1, 23.6.6 and earlier are affected by an out-of-bounds read vulnerability that could lead to disclosure of sensitive memory. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to bypass mitigations such as ASLR. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.

Audition versions 24.4.1, 23.6.6 and earlier are affected by an out-of-bounds write vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.

An issue was discovered in BeyondTrust Privilege Management for Mac before 5.7. An authenticated, unprivileged user can elevate privileges by running a malicious script (that executes as root from a temporary directory) during install time. (This applies to macOS before 10.15.5, or Security Update 2020-003 on Mojave and High Sierra, Later versions of macOS are not vulnerable.)

VMware Fusion(13.x prior to 13.5) contains a local privilege escalation vulnerability that occurs during installation for the first time (the user needs to drag or copy the application to a folder from the '.dmg' volume) or when installing an upgrade. A malicious actor with local non-administrative user privileges may exploit this vulnerability to escalate privileges to root on the system where Fusion is installed or being installed for the first time.

VMware Fusion(13.x prior to 13.5) contains a TOCTOU (Time-of-check Time-of-use) vulnerability that occurs during installation for the first time (the user needs to drag or copy the application to a folder from the '.dmg' volume) or when installing an upgrade. A malicious actor with local non-administrative user privileges may exploit this vulnerability to escalate privileges to root on the system where Fusion is installed or being installed for the first time.

VMware Workstation( 17.x prior to 17.5) and Fusion(13.x prior to 13.5) contain an out-of-bounds read vulnerability that exists in the functionality for sharing host Bluetooth devices with the virtual machine. A malicious actor with local administrative privileges on a virtual machine may be able to read privileged information contained in hypervisor memory from a virtual machine.

A type confusion issue was addressed with improved state handling. This issue is fixed in Security Update 2022-003 Catalina, macOS Monterey 12.3, macOS Big Sur 11.6.5. An application may be able to execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges.

A use after free issue was addressed with improved memory management. This issue is fixed in macOS Big Sur 11.6.6, macOS Monterey 12.3, Security Update 2022-004 Catalina. A remote user may cause an unexpected app termination or arbitrary code execution

Canon IJ Network Tool/Ver.4.7.5 and earlier (supported OS: OS X 10.9.5-macOS 13),IJ Network Tool/Ver.4.7.3 and earlier (supported OS: OS X 10.7.5-OS X 10.8) allows an attacker to acquire sensitive information on the Wi-Fi connection setup of the printer from the communication of the software.

Canon IJ Network Tool/Ver.4.7.5 and earlier (supported OS: OS X 10.9.5-macOS 13),IJ Network Tool/Ver.4.7.3 and earlier (supported OS: OS X 10.7.5-OS X 10.8) allows an attacker to acquire sensitive information on the Wi-Fi connection setup of the printer from the software.

This issue was addressed by removing the vulnerable code. This issue is fixed in GarageBand for macOS 10.4.8. An app may be able to gain elevated privileges during the installation of GarageBand.

VMware Workstation and Fusion contain an out-of-bounds read/write vulnerability in SCSI CD/DVD device emulation.

VMware Fusion contains a local privilege escalation vulnerability. A malicious actor with read/write access to the host operating system can elevate privileges to gain root access to the host operating system.

Qualys Cloud Agent for macOS (versions 2.5.1-75 before 3.7) installer allows a local escalation of privilege bounded only to the time of installation and only on older macOSX (macOS 10.15 and older) versions. Attackers may exploit incorrect file permissions to give them ROOT command execution privileges on the host. During the install of the PKG, a step in the process involves extracting the package and copying files to several directories. Attackers may gain writable access to files during the install of PKG when extraction of the package and copying files to several directories, enabling a local escalation of privilege.

A validation issue existed in the handling of symlinks. This issue was addressed with improved validation of symlinks. This issue is fixed in Security Update 2022-003 Catalina, macOS Big Sur 11.6.5, macOS Monterey 12.3. A local user may be able to write arbitrary files.

VMware ESXi, Workstation, and Fusion contain a heap out-of-bounds write vulnerability in the USB 2.0 controller (EHCI). A malicious actor with local administrative privileges on a virtual machine may exploit this issue to execute code as the virtual machine's VMX process running on the host. On ESXi, the exploitation is contained within the VMX sandbox whereas, on Workstation and Fusion, this may lead to code execution on the machine where Workstation or Fusion is installed.

A logic issue was addressed with improved checks. This issue is fixed in macOS Big Sur 11.6.8, macOS Monterey 12.5, Security Update 2022-005 Catalina. An archive may be able to bypass Gatekeeper.

A logic issue was addressed with improved state management. This issue is fixed in Security Update 2022-004 Catalina, macOS Monterey 12.4, macOS Big Sur 11.6.6. An app may be able to gain elevated privileges.

An out-of-bounds read issue was addressed with improved input validation. This issue is fixed in Security Update 2022-005 Catalina, macOS Big Sur 11.6.8, macOS Monterey 12.5. Processing a maliciously crafted AppleScript binary may result in unexpected termination or disclosure of process memory.

An out-of-bounds read issue was addressed with improved input validation. This issue is fixed in Security Update 2022-005 Catalina, macOS Big Sur 11.6.8, macOS Monterey 12.5. Processing a maliciously crafted AppleScript binary may result in unexpected termination or disclosure of process memory.

An information disclosure issue was addressed by removing the vulnerable code. This issue is fixed in iOS 15.6 and iPadOS 15.6, macOS Big Sur 11.6.8, tvOS 15.6, macOS Monterey 12.5, Security Update 2022-005 Catalina. An app may be able to access sensitive user information.

This issue was addressed with improved checks. This issue is fixed in iOS 15.6 and iPadOS 15.6, macOS Big Sur 11.6.8, watchOS 8.7, tvOS 15.6, macOS Monterey 12.5, Security Update 2022-005 Catalina. A remote user may be able to cause unexpected system termination or corrupt kernel memory.

An out-of-bounds write issue was addressed with improved bounds checking. This issue is fixed in Security Update 2022-005 Catalina, macOS Big Sur 11.6.8, macOS Monterey 12.5. Processing a maliciously crafted Postscript file may result in unexpected app termination or disclosure of process memory.

An out-of-bounds read issue was addressed with improved input validation. This issue is fixed in Security Update 2022-005 Catalina, macOS Monterey 12.5. An app may be able to gain elevated privileges.

The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in iOS 15.6 and iPadOS 15.6, macOS Big Sur 11.6.8, watchOS 8.7, tvOS 15.6, macOS Monterey 12.5, Security Update 2022-005 Catalina. An app with root privileges may be able to execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges.

An out-of-bounds read was addressed with improved bounds checking. This issue is fixed in Security Update 2022-005 Catalina, macOS Big Sur 11.6.8, macOS Monterey 12.5. Processing a maliciously crafted AppleScript binary may result in unexpected termination or disclosure of process memory.

An authorization issue was addressed with improved state management. This issue is fixed in iOS 15.6 and iPadOS 15.6, macOS Big Sur 11.6.8, watchOS 8.7, tvOS 15.6, macOS Monterey 12.5, Security Update 2022-005 Catalina. An app may be able to gain root privileges.

A memory initialization issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in iOS 15.6 and iPadOS 15.6, macOS Big Sur 11.6.8, watchOS 8.7, tvOS 15.6, macOS Monterey 12.5, Security Update 2022-005 Catalina. An app may be able to leak sensitive user information.

An out-of-bounds write issue was addressed with improved input validation. This issue is fixed in iOS 15.6 and iPadOS 15.6, macOS Big Sur 11.6.8, watchOS 8.7, tvOS 15.6, macOS Monterey 12.5, Security Update 2022-005 Catalina. An app may be able to execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges.

A logic issue was addressed with improved state management. This issue is fixed in iOS 15.6 and iPadOS 15.6, macOS Big Sur 11.6.8, watchOS 8.7, tvOS 15.6, macOS Monterey 12.5, Security Update 2022-005 Catalina. An app may be able to gain root privileges.

The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in iOS 15.6 and iPadOS 15.6, macOS Big Sur 11.6.8, watchOS 8.7, tvOS 15.6, macOS Monterey 12.5, Security Update 2022-005 Catalina. An app with root privileges may be able to execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges.

This issue was addressed with improved file handling. This issue is fixed in Security Update 2022-005 Catalina, macOS Big Sur 11.6.8, macOS Monterey 12.5. An app may be able to overwrite arbitrary files.

The issue was addressed with improved handling of caches. This issue is fixed in Security Update 2022-005 Catalina, macOS Big Sur 11.6.8, macOS Monterey 12.5. An app may be able to access sensitive user information.

This issue was addressed with improved checks. This issue is fixed in Security Update 2022-005 Catalina, macOS Big Sur 11.6.8, macOS Monterey 12.5. An app may be able to modify protected parts of the file system.

An out-of-bounds read issue was addressed with improved bounds checking. This issue is fixed in Security Update 2022-005 Catalina, macOS Monterey 12.5. A user in a privileged network position may be able to leak sensitive information.

This issue was addressed with improved checks. This issue is fixed in Security Update 2022-005 Catalina, macOS Big Sur 11.6.8, macOS Monterey 12.5. Processing a maliciously crafted AppleScript binary may result in unexpected termination or disclosure of process memory.

This issue was addressed with improved checks. This issue is fixed in tvOS 15.5, watchOS 8.6, iOS 15.5 and iPadOS 15.5, macOS Monterey 12.4, macOS Big Sur 11.6.6, Security Update 2022-004 Catalina. A remote user may be able to cause a denial-of-service.

An out-of-bounds write issue was addressed with improved bounds checking. This issue is fixed in iOS 15.6 and iPadOS 15.6, macOS Big Sur 11.6.8, watchOS 8.7, tvOS 15.6, macOS Monterey 12.5, Security Update 2022-005 Catalina. Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to arbitrary code execution.

An issue in the handling of environment variables was addressed with improved validation. This issue is fixed in Security Update 2022-005 Catalina, macOS Big Sur 11.6.8, macOS Monterey 12.5. An app may be able to modify protected parts of the file system.

A null pointer dereference was addressed with improved validation. This issue is fixed in iOS 15.6 and iPadOS 15.6, Security Update 2022-005 Catalina, macOS Big Sur 11.6.8, macOS Monterey 12.5. Processing an image may lead to a denial-of-service.

This issue was addressed by enabling hardened runtime. This issue is fixed in macOS Monterey 12.4, iOS 15.5 and iPadOS 15.5, Security Update 2022-005 Catalina, macOS Big Sur 11.6.8. An app with root privileges may be able to access private information.

This issue was addressed by using HTTPS when sending information over the network. This issue is fixed in macOS Monterey 12.5, macOS Big Sur 11.6.8, Security Update 2022-005 Catalina, iOS 15.6 and iPadOS 15.6, tvOS 15.6, watchOS 8.7. A user in a privileged network position can track a user’s activity.

The issue was addressed with improved bounds checks. This issue is fixed in macOS Monterey 12.5, macOS Big Sur 11.6.8, Security Update 2022-005 Catalina, iOS 15.6 and iPadOS 15.6, tvOS 15.6, watchOS 8.7. A remote user may cause an unexpected app termination or arbitrary code execution.

A logic issue was addressed with improved state management. This issue is fixed in macOS Monterey 12.5, macOS Big Sur 11.6.8, Security Update 2022-005 Catalina, iOS 15.6 and iPadOS 15.6. An app may be able to read arbitrary files.

This issue was addressed with improved checks. This issue is fixed in macOS Monterey 12.5, tvOS 15.6, iOS 15.6 and iPadOS 15.6. An app may be able to cause unexpected system termination or write kernel memory.

An access issue was addressed with improvements to the sandbox. This issue is fixed in macOS Monterey 12.5, macOS Big Sur 11.6.8, Security Update 2022-005 Catalina. An app may be able to access sensitive user information.

The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in macOS Monterey 12.5, macOS Big Sur 11.6.8, Security Update 2022-005 Catalina, iOS 15.6 and iPadOS 15.6, tvOS 15.6, watchOS 8.7. An app with root privileges may be able to execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges.

The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in macOS Monterey 12.5, macOS Big Sur 11.6.8, Security Update 2022-005 Catalina. An app may be able to execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges.

A memory corruption vulnerability was addressed with improved locking. This issue is fixed in macOS Monterey 12.5, macOS Big Sur 11.6.8, Security Update 2022-005 Catalina. An app may be able to execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges.

Heap buffer overflow in WebRTC in Google Chrome prior to 103.0.5060.114 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page.

An integer overflow was addressed with improved input validation. This issue is fixed in Security Update 2022-004 Catalina, macOS Monterey 12.4. An attacker may be able to cause unexpected application termination or arbitrary code execution.

An out-of-bounds read issue was addressed with improved input validation. This issue is fixed in Security Update 2022-004 Catalina, macOS Monterey 12.4, macOS Big Sur 11.6.6. A malicious application may be able to execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges.

A memory corruption issue was addressed with improved input validation. This issue is fixed in Security Update 2022-004 Catalina, macOS Monterey 12.4, macOS Big Sur 11.6.6. A malicious application may be able to execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges.

A certificate parsing issue was addressed with improved checks. This issue is fixed in tvOS 15.5, iOS 15.5 and iPadOS 15.5, Security Update 2022-004 Catalina, watchOS 8.6, macOS Big Sur 11.6.6, macOS Monterey 12.4. A malicious app may be able to bypass signature validation.

An out-of-bounds access issue was addressed with improved bounds checking. This issue is fixed in tvOS 15.5, iOS 15.5 and iPadOS 15.5, Security Update 2022-004 Catalina, watchOS 8.6, macOS Big Sur 11.6.6, macOS Monterey 12.4. A malicious application may be able to execute arbitrary code with system privileges.

A memory corruption issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in Security Update 2022-004 Catalina, macOS Big Sur 11.6.6. An application may be able to execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges.

A use after free issue was addressed with improved memory management. This issue is fixed in tvOS 15.5, iOS 15.5 and iPadOS 15.5, Security Update 2022-004 Catalina, watchOS 8.6, macOS Big Sur 11.6.6, macOS Monterey 12.4. An application may be able to execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges.

An out-of-bounds write issue was addressed with improved input validation. This issue is fixed in Security Update 2022-004 Catalina, macOS Monterey 12.4, macOS Big Sur 11.6.6. An application may be able to execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges.

This issue was addressed with improved environment sanitization. This issue is fixed in Security Update 2022-004 Catalina, macOS Monterey 12.4, macOS Big Sur 11.6.6. A malicious application may be able to break out of its sandbox.

A memory corruption issue was addressed with improved input validation. This issue is fixed in iTunes 12.12.4 for Windows, iOS 15.5 and iPadOS 15.5, Security Update 2022-004 Catalina, macOS Big Sur 11.6.6, macOS Monterey 12.4. Processing a maliciously crafted image may lead to arbitrary code execution.

An out-of-bounds write issue was addressed with improved input validation. This issue is fixed in Security Update 2022-004 Catalina, macOS Monterey 12.4, macOS Big Sur 11.6.6. Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to arbitrary code execution.

This issue was addressed by removing the vulnerable code. This issue is fixed in Security Update 2022-004 Catalina, macOS Monterey 12.4, macOS Big Sur 11.6.6. A malicious application may be able to bypass Privacy preferences.

This issue was addressed with improved entitlements. This issue is fixed in Security Update 2022-004 Catalina, macOS Monterey 12.4, macOS Big Sur 11.6.6. A malicious application may be able to access restricted files.

This issue was addressed with improved entitlements. This issue is fixed in Security Update 2022-004 Catalina, macOS Monterey 12.4. A malicious application may be able to modify protected parts of the file system.

This issue was addressed with improved checks. This issue is fixed in Security Update 2022-004 Catalina, watchOS 8.6, macOS Monterey 12.4, macOS Big Sur 11.6.6. An app may be able to capture a user's screen.

A memory initialization issue was addressed. This issue is fixed in Security Update 2022-004 Catalina, macOS Monterey 12.4, macOS Big Sur 11.6.6. A malicious application may be able to gain root privileges.

A memory initialization issue was addressed. This issue is fixed in Security Update 2022-004 Catalina, macOS Monterey 12.4, macOS Big Sur 11.6.6. A malicious application may be able to gain root privileges.

An out-of-bounds write issue was addressed with improved bounds checking. This issue is fixed in Security Update 2022-004 Catalina, macOS Monterey 12.4, macOS Big Sur 11.6.6. A malicious application may be able to execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges.

An out-of-bounds write issue was addressed with improved bounds checking. This issue is fixed in Security Update 2022-004 Catalina, macOS Monterey 12.4, macOS Big Sur 11.6.6. An application may be able to gain elevated privileges.

A memory corruption issue was addressed with improved validation. This issue is fixed in tvOS 15.5, iOS 15.5 and iPadOS 15.5, Security Update 2022-004 Catalina, watchOS 8.6, macOS Big Sur 11.6.6, macOS Monterey 12.4. An application may be able to execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges.

A validation issue existed in the handling of symlinks and was addressed with improved validation of symlinks. This issue is fixed in macOS Monterey 12.4. An app may be able to gain elevated privileges.

An out-of-bounds read issue was addressed with improved bounds checking. This issue is fixed in Security Update 2022-004 Catalina, macOS Monterey 12.4, macOS Big Sur 11.6.6. Processing a maliciously crafted AppleScript binary may result in unexpected application termination or disclosure of process memory.

An out-of-bounds read issue was addressed with improved input validation. This issue is fixed in Security Update 2022-004 Catalina, macOS Monterey 12.4, macOS Big Sur 11.6.6. Processing a maliciously crafted AppleScript binary may result in unexpected application termination or disclosure of process memory.

A logic issue was addressed with improved state management. This issue is fixed in Security Update 2022-003 Catalina, macOS Monterey 12.3, macOS Big Sur 11.6.5. An application may be able to gain elevated privileges.

An issue in the handling of symlinks was addressed with improved validation. This issue is fixed in Security Update 2022-003 Catalina, macOS Monterey 12.3, macOS Big Sur 11.6.5. A malicious app with root privileges may be able to modify the contents of system files.

An out-of-bounds read issue existed that led to the disclosure of kernel memory. This was addressed with improved input validation. This issue is fixed in macOS Monterey 12.3.1, Security Update 2022-004 Catalina, macOS Big Sur 11.6.6. A local user may be able to read kernel memory.

A memory corruption issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in iOS 15.4 and iPadOS 15.4, Security Update 2022-003 Catalina, macOS Monterey 12.3, macOS Big Sur 11.6.5. A malicious application may be able to execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges.

This issue was addressed with improved checks to prevent unauthorized actions. This issue is fixed in iOS 15.4 and iPadOS 15.4, Security Update 2022-004 Catalina, macOS Monterey 12.3, macOS Big Sur 11.6.6. A malicious application may bypass Gatekeeper checks.

A cookie management issue was addressed with improved state management. This issue is fixed in Security Update 2022-003 Catalina, macOS Big Sur 11.6.5. Processing maliciously crafted web content may disclose sensitive user information.

This issue was addressed with improved checks. This issue is fixed in Security Update 2022-003 Catalina, macOS Monterey 12.3, macOS Big Sur 11.6.5. A maliciously crafted ZIP archive may bypass Gatekeeper checks.

Docker Desktop 4.3.0 has Incorrect Access Control.

A Denial-of-Service (DoS) vulnerability was discovered in F-Secure Atlant whereby the fsicapd component used in certain F-Secure products while scanning larger packages/fuzzed files consume too much memory eventually can crash the scanning engine. The exploit can be triggered remotely by an attacker.

An exploitable vulnerability exists in the way Pixar OpenUSD 20.05 handles file offsets in binary USD files. A specially crafted malformed file can trigger an arbitrary out-of-bounds memory access that could lead to the disclosure of sensitive information. This vulnerability could be used to bypass mitigations and aid additional exploitation. To trigger this vulnerability, the victim needs to access an attacker-provided file.

zlib before 1.2.12 allows memory corruption when deflating (i.e., when compressing) if the input has many distant matches.

A logic issue was addressed with improved validation. This issue is fixed in macOS Monterey 12.3. A malicious application may be able to gain root privileges.

A type confusion issue was addressed with improved state handling. This issue is fixed in macOS Big Sur 11.6.5, macOS Monterey 12.3, Security Update 2022-003 Catalina. An application may be able to execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges.

An authentication issue was addressed with improved state management. This issue is fixed in macOS Big Sur 11.6.5, macOS Monterey 12.3, Security Update 2022-003 Catalina. A local attacker may be able to view the previous logged in user’s desktop from the fast user switching screen.

This issue was addressed with improved checks. This issue is fixed in macOS Big Sur 11.6.5, macOS Monterey 12.3, Security Update 2022-003 Catalina. A plug-in may be able to inherit the application's permissions and access user data.

This issue was addressed with improved checks. This issue is fixed in macOS Big Sur 11.6.5, macOS Monterey 12.3, Security Update 2022-003 Catalina. An application may be able to read restricted memory.

This issue was addressed with improved checks. This issue is fixed in macOS Big Sur 11.6.5, macOS Monterey 12.3, Security Update 2022-003 Catalina. A person with access to a Mac may be able to bypass Login Window.

A null pointer dereference was addressed with improved validation. This issue is fixed in tvOS 15.4, iOS 15.4 and iPadOS 15.4, macOS Big Sur 11.6.5, Security Update 2022-003 Catalina, watchOS 8.5, macOS Monterey 12.3. An attacker in a privileged position may be able to perform a denial of service attack.

An out-of-bounds write issue was addressed with improved bounds checking. This issue is fixed in macOS Big Sur 11.6.5, macOS Monterey 12.3, Security Update 2022-003 Catalina. An application may be able to gain elevated privileges.

An out-of-bounds read was addressed with improved bounds checking. This issue is fixed in macOS Big Sur 11.6.5, macOS Monterey 12.3, Security Update 2022-003 Catalina. Processing a maliciously crafted AppleScript binary may result in unexpected application termination or disclosure of process memory.

An out-of-bounds read was addressed with improved bounds checking. This issue is fixed in macOS Big Sur 11.6.5, macOS Monterey 12.3, Security Update 2022-003 Catalina. Processing a maliciously crafted AppleScript binary may result in unexpected application termination or disclosure of process memory.

An out-of-bounds read was addressed with improved input validation. This issue is fixed in macOS Big Sur 11.6.5, macOS Monterey 12.3, Security Update 2022-003 Catalina. Processing a maliciously crafted AppleScript binary may result in unexpected application termination or disclosure of process memory.

A logic issue was addressed with improved state management. This issue is fixed in macOS Big Sur 11.6.5, macOS Monterey 12.3, Security Update 2022-003 Catalina. An application may be able to gain elevated privileges.

A use after free issue was addressed with improved memory management. This issue is fixed in tvOS 15.4, iOS 15.4 and iPadOS 15.4, macOS Big Sur 11.6.5, Security Update 2022-003 Catalina, watchOS 8.5, macOS Monterey 12.3. An application may be able to execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges.

A use after free issue was addressed with improved memory management. This issue is fixed in tvOS 15.4, iOS 15.4 and iPadOS 15.4, macOS Big Sur 11.6.5, Security Update 2022-003 Catalina, watchOS 8.5, macOS Monterey 12.3. An application may be able to execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges.

An out-of-bounds write issue was addressed with improved bounds checking. This issue is fixed in tvOS 15.4, iOS 15.4 and iPadOS 15.4, macOS Big Sur 11.6.5, Security Update 2022-003 Catalina, watchOS 8.5, macOS Monterey 12.3. An application may be able to execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges.

A memory corruption issue was addressed with improved validation. This issue is fixed in macOS Big Sur 11.6.5, macOS Monterey 12.3, Security Update 2022-003 Catalina. Processing a maliciously crafted file may lead to arbitrary code execution.