The OCPP 1.6 client in subsys/net/lib/ocpp parsed inbound WAMP RPC frames in parse_rpc_msg() (subsys/net/lib/ocpp/ocpp_j.c) using a hand-rolled helper, extract_string_field(), that copied the message's uid and action fields with strncpy(out_buf, token + 1, outlen - 1) and then scanned the result with strchr(out_buf, '"'). Because strncpy does not NUL-terminate the destination when the source is at least outlen - 1 (127) bytes long, the subsequent strchr reads past the 128-byte destination buffer into adjacent stack memory; if a " byte is found beyond the buffer, a one-byte out-of-bounds NUL write also occurs. A related defect in extract_payload() runs strchr/strrchr over the receive buffer, which may not be NUL-terminated when a maximal-length frame fills it. The parsed bytes come directly from the OCPP central-system server over a websocket: the reader thread fills recv_buf via websocket_recv_msg() and calls parse_rpc_msg() on each inbound DATA frame (subsys/net/lib/ocpp/ocpp.c). A malicious or compromised central server, or an on-path attacker (OCPP is commonly deployed over plain ws://), can send an RPC frame whose uid or action field is 127+ bytes with no closing quote, triggering the out-of-bounds access. The primary impact is a remotely triggerable denial of service: the unbounded scan can fault on an unmapped page, and the stray NUL write can corrupt adjacent stack state. The over-read data is not reflected to the peer, so disclosure is limited. The feature is EXPERIMENTAL and must be explicitly enabled (CONFIG_OCPP). The fix replaces the manual parser with the bounds-respecting json_mixed_arr_parse() and copies the extracted uid with an explicitly NUL-terminated buffer, eliminating both over-reads.

PyAthena prior to 3.35.4 contains a sql injection vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to inject arbitrary SQL by exploiting improper quote-escaping in DefaultParameterFormatter.format(), which routes DELETE and CTAS statements to the _escape_hive function that backslash-escapes single quotes rather than doubling them. Because Athena and Trino do not treat backslashes as escape characters inside string literals, attacker-supplied input such as a single quote followed by SQL syntax causes the parser to terminate the string literal prematurely, enabling data exfiltration via UNION SELECT, execution of destructive statements, and attacker-controlled CTAS destination and content.

Zephyr's Bluetooth Mesh subnet key management leaks one PSA Crypto key slot on every subnet-key teardown. In subsys/bluetooth/mesh/subnet.c, net_keys_create() imports the Private Beacon Key into a PSA key slot under CONFIG_BT_MESH_PRIV_BEACONS (enabled by default), but subnet_keys_destroy() guarded the matching psa_destroy_key() with CONFIG_BT_MESH_V1d1. That Kconfig symbol was removed when explicit Mesh 1.0.1 support was dropped, so the destroy branch became permanently dead code and the import is never balanced by a destroy. The imbalanced teardown is reached every time subnet keys are destroyed: deleting a subnet (Config Server NetKey Delete), completing a Key Refresh Procedure (which retires the old key set), and resetting/re-provisioning the node. The over-the-air triggers are processed only under the node's device key, so they are exercisable by the provisioner or network administrator that owns the node, reachable over the Bluetooth Mesh network. With the default CONFIG_MBEDTLS_PSA_KEY_SLOT_COUNT of 16, repeated add/delete or key-refresh cycles exhaust the shared PSA key-slot pool after roughly a dozen rounds. Once exhausted, bt_mesh_private_beacon_key() and thus subnet creation fail: the node can no longer add subnets or complete key refresh, and other PSA crypto consumers on the device may be starved, until the device is rebooted. The fix aligns the destroy guard with the import guard (CONFIG_BT_MESH_PRIV_BEACONS) so each slot is freed.

luci-app-adblock-fast before 1.2.4-4 contains a stored cross-site scripting vulnerability in the blocklist name field that allows lower-privileged users to inject active HTML. When an administrator views the AdBlock Fast status page, the injected payload executes in the administrator's browser under the LuCI origin.

ArcadeDB before 26.7.3 binds the real LocalDatabase object into JavaScript trigger contexts with HostAccess.ALL, allowing schema-admins to call getSecurity().createUser() without permission checks. Attackers with UPDATE_SCHEMA permission can create triggers that execute JavaScript to create server-wide admin users, escalating privileges beyond their authorization level.

A flaw was found in the keycloak-services component of Keycloak, which is used for managing authentication and authorization flows. The issue occurs when a realm administrator configures client policies to enforce specific authentication requirements on confidential clients. Due to improper evaluation of the client state during an update operation, an attacker with client management permissions can bypass these security policies by first creating a public client and then updating it to a confidential client with weaker authentication. This can result in the persistence of clients that do not comply with the intended security hardening of the realm.

Keycloak provides authorization services that allow administrators to restrict access to resources based on time policies (for example, only allowing access during business hours). A flaw was discovered where a user can include a fake time value in their authorization request that overrides the actual server time. This allows the user to bypass these time-based restrictions and access protected resources at unauthorized times.

A flaw was found in the user creation component of Keycloak when Fine-Grained Admin Permissions V2 (FGAP V2) is enabled. This issue allows a sub-administrator with permission to create users to add those users to any group, even groups the sub-administrator is not authorized to manage. This could lead to unauthorized access to sensitive information or elevated privileges for the newly created users.

The Product Attachment for WooCommerce WordPress plugin before 2.3.3 does not perform any authorization check before streaming media library files, allowing unauthenticated users to download any attachment — including private or unlinked uploads — by enumerating its numeric ID.

The login-social WordPress plugin through 1.0.4 does not validate password-reset requests against a reset key or the requester's identity, and it issues authentication sessions from unverified third-party sign-in data, allowing unauthenticated attackers to reset any user's password or log in as any existing account, including administrators, and take over the site.

The POUCO Import Users WordPress plugin through 1.0.0 does not perform any capability or nonce checks on AJAX actions available to unauthenticated users that create and update WordPress accounts, and it trusts an attacker-supplied role value, allowing unauthenticated attackers to create a new administrator account and take over the site.

The Event Booking Manager for WooCommerce WordPress plugin before 5.3.7 does not sanitise or escape event timeline content submitted by users with post-editing access before storing it and rendering it on the public event page, allowing users with the Author role and above to inject arbitrary JavaScript that executes in the browser of any visitor viewing the event, including administrators.

The RT Mega Menu WordPress plugin before 1.5.2 does not perform a capability check on the AJAX action that saves mega-menu configuration and per-menu-item settings; its only gate is a nonce that any logged-in user can read from a standard admin page. A subscriber-level user can therefore enable the mega menu on a site menu and store a menu-item style value that is rendered, without output escaping, into a style attribute on the public navigation. By breaking out of that attribute the user persists a JavaScript event handler that executes for every visitor who hovers the navigation, including administrators, leading to session/site takeover.

The SMS Alert WordPress plugin before 3.9.8 does not bind its "mobile verified" session flag to the phone number that was actually verified: after an attacker verifies an OTP sent to their own phone, the signup/login handler reads a fresh, attacker-supplied phone number to select the account and logs them in. An unauthenticated attacker can therefore log in as any user, including an administrator, who has a billing phone on file.

The JetEngine WordPress plugin before 3.8.12 does not escape a post meta value before outputting it through one of its shortcodes, allowing users with the Contributor role and above to perform Stored Cross-Site Scripting attacks that execute in the context of higher-privileged users such as administrators.

The Lenxel WP WordPress theme through 1.0.31 does not perform any authorization or ownership check on its password-reset action, validating only a CSRF nonce, allowing unauthenticated attackers to reset the password of any user (including an administrator) and take over the account.

The WooCommerce - Social Login plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Authentication Bypass in all versions up to and including 2.8.7. This is due to the plugin's Apple login handler accepting the Apple id_token and decoding only its base64 payload without verifying the JWT signature against Apple's public keys or validating the issuer, audience, or expiry claims, combined with the security nonce required to invoke the login flow being publicly exposed to unauthenticated users via a localized JavaScript object on the login page. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to log in as any existing WordPress user — including administrators — by supplying a forged id_token whose payload contains the target user's email address, as that email is used without any role exclusion to resolve a WordPress account and immediately issue an authenticated session for it.

Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling vulnerability in ueberauth guardian (Guardian.Permissions module) allows a denial of service via BEAM atom-table exhaustion. This vulnerability is associated with program file lib/guardian/permissions.ex and program routines 'Elixir.Guardian.Permissions':encode_permissions!/1, 'Elixir.Guardian.Permissions':encode_permissions_into_claims!/2, 'Elixir.Guardian.Permissions':do_encode_permissions!/2. The Guardian.Permissions mixin installs a public encode_permissions!/1 function on every module that does use Guardian.Permissions. For each key of the supplied map, encode_permissions!/1 calls String.to_atom(to_string(k)) before any validation runs. The integer-value clause of do_encode_permissions!/2 then short-circuits straight to encoding without validating the key against the configured permission set, so a key with an integer value is interned as a fresh atom with no exception raised. Atoms are never garbage collected and the BEAM atom table is a fixed-size resource (default roughly 1,048,576 entries), so each unique attacker-chosen key permanently consumes one slot. An attacker who can influence a permission map that reaches encode_permissions!/1 (for example a permissions map read from a request body and passed into token issuance via encode_permissions_into_claims!/2) can mint an unbounded number of atoms and exhaust the atom table, crashing the entire BEAM node and every service running on it. The sibling decode_permissions/1 is not affected because it skips keys absent from the configured permission set. This issue affects guardian: from 2.0.0 before 2.4.1.

Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling in ueberauth guardian allows denial of service via unbounded atom creation from attacker-controlled binary input. Guardian.Permissions.AtomEncoding encodes permission scopes by passing arbitrary binaries to String.to_atom/1. When encode/3 in lib/guardian/permissions/atom_encoding.ex is called with a list, each binary entry is handled by the encode_value/3 binary clause, which calls String.to_atom(value) with no allow-list check. The perm_set argument (the application's small, finite set of legitimate permission names) is discarded, so any external string flows straight into atom creation. This encoder is selected with use Guardian.Permissions, encoding: Guardian.Permissions.AtomEncoding and reached through the imported encode/3 entry point. String.to_atom/1 creates a brand-new atom for every previously unseen binary, atoms are never garbage collected, and the BEAM atom table is fixed at roughly 1,048,576 entries by default. An application that funnels attacker-influenced permission scopes (from a request body, a JWT claim, or other external input) into encode/3 therefore mints one permanent atom per distinct value. A modest stream of varied, unauthenticated input permanently consumes the atom table and crashes the BEAM node with system_limit, taking down every application running on it. The default encoder is Guardian.Permissions.BitwiseEncoding, which is not affected. This issue affects guardian: from 2.0.0 before 2.4.1.

Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling in ueberauth guardian allows denial of service via unbounded atom creation from attacker-influenced binary input. Guardian.Plug.Keys derives connection and session namespace keys by passing arbitrary binaries to String.to_atom/1. base_key/1 in lib/guardian/plug/keys.ex converts any binary into the atom :"guardian_<input>", and the derived helpers claims_key/1, resource_key/1, and token_key/1 create a second atom on top of that. key_from_other/1 likewise converts a regex-captured binary through String.to_atom/1. The public specs advertise String.t() as a valid argument, so passing a string is documented usage, and higher-level entry points such as Guardian.Plug.current_token(conn, key: key) thread the caller-supplied key straight into these functions. String.to_atom/1 creates a brand-new atom for every previously unseen binary, atoms are never garbage collected, and the BEAM atom table is fixed at roughly 1,048,576 entries by default. An application that routes attacker-influenced data (a tenant identifier, header, or other request input) into a Guardian key therefore mints one permanent atom per distinct value. A modest stream of varied, unauthenticated input permanently consumes the atom table and crashes the BEAM node, taking down every application running on it. This issue affects guardian: from 0.1.0 before 2.4.1.

guzzlehttp/guzzle versions before 7.15.1 contain an information disclosure vulnerability in RedirectMiddleware. When the optional allow_redirects.referer setting is enabled, the middleware copies the URI fragment (the portion after '#') from the referring request into the generated Referer header when following a same-scheme redirect (e.g., HTTPS to HTTPS). An attacker who controls the redirect destination can read this fragment from the incoming Referer header, potentially disclosing one-time login secrets, access tokens, state values, or other sensitive client data to a server never meant to receive it. The referer setting is disabled by default. Fixed in 7.15.1, which strips the fragment before generating the Referer value.