Base64 Decoder 1.1.2 contains a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability that allows local attackers to execute arbitrary code by triggering a structured exception handler (SEH) overwrite. Attackers can craft a malicious input file that overflows a buffer, overwrites the SEH chain with a POP-POP-RET gadget address, and uses an egghunter payload to locate and execute shellcode for code execution.

WWBN AVideo is an open source video platform. In versions up to and including 26.0, the `downloadVideoFromDownloadURL()` function in `objects/aVideoEncoder.json.php` saves remote content to a web-accessible temporary directory using the original URL's filename and extension (including `.php`). By providing an invalid `resolution` parameter, an attacker triggers an early `die()` via `forbiddenPage()` before the temp file can be moved or cleaned up, leaving an executable PHP file persistently accessible under the web root at `videos/cache/tmpFile/`. Commit 6da79b43484099a0b660d1544a63c07b633ed3a2 contains a patch.

wwbn

WWBN AVideo is an open source video platform. In versions up to and including 26.0, the `aVideoEncoderChunk.json.php` endpoint is a completely standalone PHP script with no authentication, no framework includes, and no resource limits. An unauthenticated remote attacker can send arbitrary POST data which is written to persistent temp files in `/tmp/` with no size cap, no rate limiting, and no cleanup mechanism. This allows trivial disk space exhaustion leading to denial of service of the entire server. Commit 33d1bae6c731ef1682fcdc47b428313be073a5d1 contains a patch.

wwbn

WWBN AVideo is an open source video platform. In versions up to and including 26.0, the `sanitizeFFmpegCommand()` function in `plugin/API/standAlone/functions.php` is designed to prevent OS command injection in ffmpeg commands by stripping dangerous shell metacharacters (`&&`, `;`, `|`, `` ` ``, `<`, `>`). However, it fails to strip `$()` (bash command substitution syntax). Since the sanitized command is executed inside a double-quoted `sh -c` context in `execAsync()`, an attacker who can craft a valid encrypted payload can achieve arbitrary command execution on the standalone encoder server. Commit 25c8ab90269e3a01fb4cf205b40a373487f022e1 contains a patch.

wwbn

WWBN AVideo is an open source video platform. In versions up to and including 26.0, `POST /objects/aVideoEncoder.json.php` accepts a requester-controlled `chunkFile` parameter intended for staged upload chunks. Instead of restricting that path to trusted server-generated chunk locations, the endpoint accepts arbitrary local filesystem paths that pass `isValidURLOrPath()`. That helper allows files under broad server directories including `/var/www/`, the application root, cache, tmp, and `videos`, only rejecting `.php` files. For an authenticated uploader editing their own video, this becomes an arbitrary local file read. The endpoint copies the attacker-chosen local file into the attacker's public video storage path, after which it can be downloaded over HTTP. Commit 59bbd601a3f65a5b18c1d9e4eb11471c0a59214f contains a patch for the issue.

wwbn

XinLiangCoder php_api_doc through commit 1ce5bbf contains a reflected cross-site scripting vulnerability in list_method.php that allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary JavaScript in a victim's browser by injecting malicious code through the f parameter. Attackers can craft a malicious URL with unsanitized input in the GET request parameter that is output directly to the page without proper neutralization, enabling session hijacking, credential theft, or malware distribution within the application context.

xinliangcoder

UltraJSON is a fast JSON encoder and decoder written in pure C with bindings for Python 3.7+. Versions 5.10 through 5.11.0 are vulnerable to buffer overflow or infinite loop through large indent handling. ujson.dumps() crashes the Python interpreter (segmentation fault) when the product of the indent parameter and the nested depth of the input exceeds INT32_MAX. It can also get stuck in an infinite loop if the indent is a large negative number. Both are caused by an integer overflow/underflow whilst calculating how much memory to reserve for indentation. And both can be used to achieve denial of service. To be vulnerable, a service must call ujson.dump()/ujson.dumps()/ujson.encode() whilst giving untrusted users control over the indent parameter and not restrict that indentation to reasonably small non-negative values. A service may also be vulnerable to the infinite loop if it uses a fixed negative indent. An underflow always occurs for any negative indent when the input data is at least one level nested but, for small negative indents, the underflow is usually accidentally rectified by another overflow. This issue has been fixed in version 5.12.0.

ultrajson_project

UltraJSON is a fast JSON encoder and decoder written in pure C with bindings for Python 3.7+. Versions 5.4.0 through 5.11.0 contain an accumulating memory leak in JSON parsing large (outside of the range [-2^63, 2^64 - 1]) integers. The leaked memory is a copy of the string form of the integer plus an additional NULL byte. The leak occurs irrespective of whether the integer parses successfully or is rejected due to having more than sys.get_int_max_str_digits() digits, meaning that any sized leak per malicious JSON can be achieved provided that there is no limit on the overall size of the payload. Any service that calls ujson.load()/ujson.loads()/ujson.decode() on untrusted inputs is affected and vulnerable to denial of service attacks. This issue has been fixed in version 5.12.0.

ultrajson_project

ewe is a Gleam web server. Versions 0.8.0 through 3.0.4 contain a bug in the handle_trailers function where rejected trailer headers (forbidden or undeclared) cause an infinite loop. When handle_trailers encounters such a trailer, three code paths (lines 520, 523, 526) recurse with the original buffer (rest) instead of advancing past the rejected header (Buffer(header_rest, 0)), causing decoder.decode_packet to re-parse the same header on every iteration. The resulting loop has no timeout or escape — the BEAM process permanently wedges at 100% CPU. Any application that calls ewe.read_body on chunked requests is affected, and this is exploitable by any unauthenticated remote client before control returns to application code, making an application-level workaround impossible. This issue is fixed in version 3.0.5.

vshakitskiy

ASP.NET Core Kestrel in Microsoft .NET 8.0 before 8.0.22 and .NET 9.0 before 9.0.11 allows a remote attacker to cause excessive CPU consumption by sending a crafted QUIC packet, because of an incorrect exit condition for HTTP/3 Encoder/Decoder stream processing.

microsoft

Romeo gives the capability to reach high code coverage of Go ≥1.20 apps by helping to measure code coverage for functional and integration tests within GitHub Actions. Prior to version 0.2.2, the `sanitizeArchivePath` function in `webserver/api/v1/decoder.go` (lines 80-88) is vulnerable to a path traversal bypass due to a missing trailing path separator in the `strings.HasPrefix` check. A crafted tar archive can write files outside the intended destination directory. Version 0.2.2 fixes the issue.

ctfer-io

pyasn1 is a generic ASN.1 library for Python. Prior to 0.6.3, the `pyasn1` library is vulnerable to a Denial of Service (DoS) attack caused by uncontrolled recursion when decoding ASN.1 data with deeply nested structures. An attacker can supply a crafted payload containing thousands of nested `SEQUENCE` (`0x30`) or `SET` (`0x31`) tags with "Indefinite Length" (`0x80`) markers. This forces the decoder to recursively call itself until the Python interpreter crashes with a `RecursionError` or consumes all available memory (OOM), crashing the host application. This is a distinct vulnerability from CVE-2026-23490 (which addressed integer overflows in OID decoding). The fix for CVE-2026-23490 (`MAX_OID_ARC_CONTINUATION_OCTETS`) does not mitigate this recursion issue. Version 0.6.3 fixes this specific issue.

pyasn1

Wazuh is a free and open source platform used for threat prevention, detection, and response. Starting in version 3.9.0 and prior to version 4.14.3, multiple stack-based buffer overflows exist in the Security Configuration Assessment (SCA) decoder (`wazuh-analysisd`). The use of `sprintf` with a floating-point (`%lf`) format specifier on a fixed-size 128-byte buffer allows a remote attacker to overflow the stack. A specially crafted JSON event can trigger this overflow, leading to a denial of service (crash) or potential RCE on the Wazuh manager. The vulnerability is located in `/src/analysisd/decoders/security_configuration_assessment.c`, within the `FillScanInfo` and `FillCheckEventInfo` functions. In multiple locations, a 128-byte buffer (`char value[OS_SIZE_128];`) is allocated on the stack to hold the string representation of a number from a JSON event. The code checks if the number is an integer or a double. If it's a double, it uses `sprintf(value, "%lf", ...)` to perform the conversion. This `sprintf` call is unbounded. If a floating-point number with a large exponent (e.g., `1.0e150`) is provided, `sprintf` will attempt to write its full string representation (a "1" followed by 150 zeros), which is larger than the 128-byte buffer, corrupting the stack. Version 4.14.3 patches the issue.

wazuh

A vulnerability was identified in taoofagi easegen-admin up to 8f87936ac774065b92fb20aab55b274a6ea76433. Impacted is the function recognizeMarkdown of the file yudao-module-digitalcourse/yudao-module-digitalcourse-biz/src/main/java/cn/iocoder/yudao/module/digitalcourse/util/Pdf2MdUtil.java. Such manipulation of the argument fileUrl leads to path traversal. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit is publicly available and might be used. This product takes the approach of rolling releases to provide continious delivery. Therefore, version details for affected and updated releases are not available. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.

A vulnerability was determined in taoofagi easegen-admin up to 8f87936ac774065b92fb20aab55b274a6ea76433. This issue affects the function downloadFile of the file - yudao-module-digitalcourse/yudao-module-digitalcourse-biz/src/main/java/cn/iocoder/yudao/module/digitalcourse/util/PPTUtil.java of the component PPT File Handler. This manipulation of the argument url causes server-side request forgery. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized. This product is using a rolling release to provide continious delivery. Therefore, no version details for affected nor updated releases are available. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.

YAML::Syck versions through 1.36 for Perl has several potential security vulnerabilities including a high-severity heap buffer overflow in the YAML emitter. The heap overflow occurs when class names exceed the initial 512-byte allocation. The base64 decoder could read past the buffer end on trailing newlines. strtok mutated n->type_id in place, corrupting shared node data. A memory leak occurred in syck_hdlr_add_anchor when a node already had an anchor. The incoming anchor string 'a' was leaked on early return.

toddr

Out-of-bounds read in FFmpeg 8.0 and 8.0.1 RV60 video decoder (libavcodec/rv60dec.c). The quantization parameter (qp) validation at line 2267 only checks the lower bound (qp < 0) but is missing upper bound validation. The qp value can reach 65 (base value 63 from 6-bit frame header + offset +2 from read_qp_offset) while the rv60_qp_to_idx array has size 64 (valid indices 0-63). This results in out-of-bounds array access at lines 1554 (decode_cbp8), 1655 (decode_cbp16), and 1419/1421 (get_c4x4_set), potentially leading to memory disclosure or crash. A previous fix in commit 61cbcaf93f added validation only for intra frames. This vulnerability affects the released versions 8.0 (released 2025-08-22) and 8.0.1 (released 2025-11-20) and is fixed in git master commit 8abeb879df which will be included in FFmpeg 8.1.

ffmpeg

FreeRDP is a free implementation of the Remote Desktop Protocol. Prior to 3.24.0, there is an out-of-bounds read in MS-ADPCM and IMA-ADPCM decoders due to unchecked predictor and step_index values from input data. This vulnerability is fixed in 3.24.0.

freerdp

FreeRDP is a free implementation of the Remote Desktop Protocol. Prior to 3.24.0, division by zero in MS-ADPCM and IMA-ADPCM decoders when nBlockAlign is 0, leading to a crash. In libfreerdp/codec/dsp.c, both ADPCM decoders use size % block_size where block_size = context->common.format.nBlockAlign. The nBlockAlign value comes from the Server Audio Formats PDU on the RDPSND channel. The value 0 is not validated anywhere before reaching the decoder. When nBlockAlign = 0, the modulo operation causes a SIGFPE (floating point exception) crash. This vulnerability is fixed in 3.24.0.

freerdp

FreeRDP is a free implementation of the Remote Desktop Protocol. Prior to 3.24.0, a size_t underflow in the IMA-ADPCM and MS-ADPCM audio decoders leads to heap-buffer-overflow write via the RDPSND audio channel. In libfreerdp/codec/dsp.c, the IMA-ADPCM and MS-ADPCM decoders subtract block header sizes from a size_t variable without checking for underflow. When nBlockAlign (received from the server) is set such that size % block_size == 0 triggers the header parsing at a point where size is smaller than the header (4 or 8 bytes), the subtraction wraps size to ~SIZE_MAX. The while (size > 0) loop then continues for an astronomical number of iterations. This vulnerability is fixed in 3.24.0.

freerdp

Lexbor is a web browser engine library. Prior to 2.7.0, the ISO‑2022‑JP encoder in Lexbor fails to reset the temporary size variable between iterations. The statement ctx->buffer_used -= size with a stale size = 3 causes an integer underflow that wraps to SIZE_MAX. Afterwards, memcpy is called with a negative length, leading to an out‑of‑bounds read from the stack and an out‑of‑bounds write to the heap. The source data is partially controllable via the contents of the DOM tree. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.7.0.

lexbor

ImageMagick is free and open-source software used for editing and manipulating digital images. Prior to 7.1.2-16 and 6.9.13-41, when a memory allocation fails in the sixel encoder it would be possible to write past the end of a buffer on the stack. This vulnerability is fixed in 7.1.2-16 and 6.9.13-41.

imagemagick